##### Title ##### .. _title-definition: ********** Definition ********** A name given to the resource. .. _title-sources: ******************************************* Where Can the Title Information be Found? ******************************************* In some cases, titles may come from accompanying or supplementary information; generally titles may be found on the item, such as: +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |**Item Types** |**Information Sources** | +=======================================+=======================================================+ |For text |- title page (use the title page unless there isn't | | | one) | | |- front cover | | |- copyright page | | |- spine of cover | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |For images |- title written on the back of a photograph | | |- captions | | |- an envelope, slip cover, or case | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |For maps |- title caption on map | | |- notes around the outside of the map | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |For music scores |- title page or header | | |- top of first page | | |- front cover | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |For videos |- title screen(s) | | |- container cover | | |- label on disc | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |For sound files |- title on disc/cassette | | |- container information | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |For computer files |- title page/screen | | |- title at top of document | | |- title in HTML header | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ .. _title-form: ************************************ How Title Works in the Metadata Form ************************************ .. image:: ../_static/images/edit-title.png :alt: Screenshot of title element in metadata editing system. Parts: #. Title qualifier -- drop-down menu #. Title -- text field Repeatable? Yes - to include multiple titles, click 'Add' to repeat all field parts Required? Yes - a Main Title is required (:doc:`more information `) .. _title-fill: ********************************** How Should the Title be Filled in? ********************************** General Title Rules =================== - Every record must have one Main Title, also called an "official title" - Some records may have multiple titles (see below under :ref:`Special Titles ` for more clarification about when to use other titles) - For each title, be sure to choose the appropriate qualifier from the `controlled vocabulary `_ +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | **Guideline** | **Examples** | +===========================================================+=======================================+ |- Write out the title the way it appears |Reminiscences of the Terry Rangers | |- Do not put the call number, file name, or other | | | identifiers in the title | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Capitalize the first word and proper nouns |Difficulties of a Mexican revenue | |- Keep other capitalization the same as it is on the item |officer in Texas | |- If a title is written in all caps, change it to title | | | case | | |- Use the same capitalization for all titles in a record | | | unless there is a reason not to do so (e.g., authorized | | | series titles) | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Change Roman numerals to Arabic numbers (when a change |- *Title:* Laws of the Republic of | | is made to the printed title, the original version | Texas in two volumes. Volume 1 | | be added as a |- *Note:* "Vol. I." | | :ref:`display note ` | | |- Write out numbers through 100 | | |- (Note that an alternate title may be appropriate if | | | the numbers are important to the title) +---------------------------------------+ | |Two Ladies in Beauty Shop | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Write out abbreviations or acronyms |- *Main:* Documents pertaining to the | |- (Abbreviations may be included in an alternate title or | case of Eliza Miller vs. Texas & New | | display note) | Orleans Railroad Company, cause no. | | | 547, 1902 | | |- *Alternate:* Documents pertaining to | | | case of Eliza Miller vs. T & NORR Co.| +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Separate title and subtitles with a colon |Deaf Smith County Schools: 1893-2003 | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- In some cases, it may make sense to separate long titles|An Assessment of the Social and Special| | with commas (e.g., normalized periodical titles) or |Effects of Siting a Low-Level | | periods |Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility in | | |Texas: Phase 1. Historical and | | |Sociodemographic Dimensions | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- If there is no title on the item: |- [Calf-Roping in Groups at Cowtown | | | Coliseum] | | - Use a title from a library catalog or similar |- [Bus Transfer Ticket #020137] | | resource (including OCLC Worldcat) |- [Certificate of Appointment of K.K. | | - Create a title in [square brackets] that is both | Legett as Delegate] | | succinct (roughly ~10 words or less) and descriptive| | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- It is preferred that titles include more than a personal|- [Stan Kenton Reading a Score] | | name only (for items that do not have titles) |- [Portrait of Susan R. Theodore] | | |- [Obituary for I. M. Cummings] | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Any time a printed title does not accurately reflect the|- [Correspondence between Meyer | | item (e.g., multiple, titled maps printed on one page), | Bodansky and A. O. Gettler - 1940] | | create an appropriate title in [square brackets] |- [Maps of the United States, New | |- Original title(s) may be included as added titles | England, and Principal U.S. Cities] | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Clarifying information can be added to a title using |- Texas Board of Law Examiners Annual | | [square brackets] in order to identify differing | Financial Report: 2016 [Audited] | | versions or provide context for users +---------------------------------------+ | |- Standard Varieties of Chickens: | | | [Part] 1. The American Class | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- In some cases, it may be appropriate to add a number in |- Conrad & Menefee's Subdivision of | | [square brackets] when there are near-identical copies | Lot Number 2, Block Number 146, | |- This may also apply to situations where titles are being| Abilene, Taylor County, Texas [#2] | | created (e.g., near-identical portraits taken during a |- [Aerial View of Workers Digging a | | photo shoot), but should generally not take the place | Channel #1] | | of creating unique, descriptive titles when content is | | | different | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ .. _title-standardized: Standarized Titles ------------------ - For some materials, we often use a standardized format for convenience and consistency - When dates are included in titles, they should be written out in "human readable" form +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | **Guideline** | **Examples** | +===================================================================+=======================================+ |- For letters: [Letter from {name} to {name} - {date}] |[Letter from John C. Brewer to Emma | | |Davis - April 21, 1879] | | - Separate correspondence information from the date | | | with a dash or comma | | | - Also see | | | :doc:`Correspondence Guidelines ` | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- For clippings: [Clipping: {article title}] |[Clipping: Forced Sale!] | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- For funeral programs: [Funeral Program for {full name}, |[Funeral Program for Cottrell Brackett,| | {date of funeral}] |Jr., October 10, 2012] | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- For an invoice/receipt: [{Invoice/Receipt for {item/ |- [Invoice for Cooking Materials, | | summary}, {date}] | May 18, 1894] | | |- [Receipt for Kinsel Motor Payment, | | | October 1936] | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- For items related to court cases: Documents pertaining |Documents pertaining to the case of | | to the case of {name/case name}, Cause No. {#} |Garner Williams & Co. vs. J. E. Ennis, | | |Cause No. 507, 1867 | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- For serials: {title}, Volume #, Number, {date} |AACOG Region, Volume 5, Number 9, | |- Other normalized values may be appropriate for specific |November 1978 | | serials, see | | | :doc:`Serials Guidelines ` | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Note that these standardized formats may not apply to |- [Letter from Betty Scrivner to her | | all items | Mother] | |- When appropriate, adjust titles to accurately reflect |- [Correspondence Concerning a | | the content and type of materials, e.g.: | Marriage License] | | |- [Front Page of 'The Washington | | - When information is unknown (generally omit) | Blade,' August 4, 2000] | | - Business or organizational correspondence (e.g., |- [Newspaper Clippings About Dr. May | | form letters) that may not have correspondents | Owen and a TMA Meeting] | | - If there are multiple items (e.g., a reply added to | | | the bottom of a letter or multiple clippings on a | | | sheet of paper) | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ .. _title-special: Special Titles ============== Does the item need multiple titles? +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | **If...** | **Add:** | +===========================================================+=======================================+ |- The title has alternate spellings, omissions, |an alternate title | | abbreviations, or acronyms | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- The item is in a non-English language |a parallel title | |- The item is a translation from another language | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- The item has multiple versions of a title listed in |an added title | | different places (e.g., title page, cover, and/or spine)| | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- The item is a serial publication (e.g., yearbooks, |a serial title | | newsletters, journals, magazines, etc.) | | |- Also see :doc:`Serial Guidelines ` | | |- if the serial also has: | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |a. a different title on the cover or title page |an added title | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |b. no sequence number (e.g., an index) that should |a sort title | | sort with other issues non-alphabetically | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- The item is part of a series (also see |a series title | | :ref:`Series Guidelines `) | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- The item has been published under other titles (e.g., |a uniform title | | music pieces, Shakespeare's works, some serials) | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ Formatting special titles: +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | **Guideline** | **Examples** | +===========================================================+=======================================+ |If the item is part of a serial (see the :doc:`serial guidelines ` for more | |information) | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Formulate a standardized main title format, which will |*Main:* Prickly Pear, Yearbook of | | be the same for each issue |Abilene Christian College, 1945 | |- Include the title, volume/issue numbers, and date(s) in+---------------------------------------+ | main title (as relevant) |*Serial:* Prickly Pear | |- Add a serial title that represents the entire +---------------------------------------+ | publication (i.e., no issue-level information) |*Added:* The 1945 Prickly Pear | |- Include the title from the title page as an "added | | | title" when relevant | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- If a serial has has multiple titles over time | | | | | | - Use the serial title that matches the individual | | | issue | | | - A note may be added regarding former or later titles| | | but this may be handled by title records when there | | | are at least 10 issues of any serial | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- If alphabetical sorting of titles is not logical |- *Main:* The Debates and Proceedings | | | in the Congress of the United | | - A sort title may be added to order items | States, Fourth Congress, Second | | - This is particularly useful for indexes or special | Session | | editions that may not sort with numbered issues |- *Serial:* The Debates and | | - It may be used when serials have no volume or issue | Proceedings in the Congress of the | | number/s, but is not necessary if the same order may| United States | | be achieved by sorting chronologically |- *Sort:* Annals of Congress, Congress| | | 4, Session 2 | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |If the item is part of a series or part of a sub-collection | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Use the title on the item (or an appropriately-created |- *Main:* [Glass with picture of an | | unique title) | oil well] | |- Add a series title that represents the entire series |- *Series:* Commemorative glasses | | +---------------------------------------+ | |- *Main:* [War Tax Receipt, June 1862]| | |- *Series:* Judge Harris Masterson I | | | Papers (MS 468) | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |If the item is in a non-English language, or is a translation | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- For a non-English-language item, add a parallel title |- *Main:* Estado libre de Coahuila y | | with the English translation (if known) | Tejas | |- If the translation is not included on the item, enclose |- *Parallel:* [Free State of Coahuila | | the parallel title in [square brackets] | and Texas | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- If the item is a translation into English (or a second |- *Main:* The Mexican Soldier, | | language, add a parallel title in the original language | 1837-1847 | | |- *Parallel:* El Soldado Mexicano, | | | 1837-1847 | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |If the item title has abbreviations, acronyms, or alternate spellings | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Write out full words in the main title |*Main:* Barnhart Southwest Quadrangle | |- Add an alternate title with the abbreviations +---------------------------------------+ | |*Alternate:* Barnhart SW Quadrangle | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- If the acronym is well-known or significant to the |- *Main:* FCC Record, Volume 12, No. | | context, it can be used in the main title with the | 20, Pages 11370 to 11956, | | fuller version added as an alternate title | July 28-August 8, 1997 | | |- *Alternate:* Federal Communications | | | Commission Record, Volume 12, No. | | | 20, Pages 11370 to 11956, | | | July 28-August 8, 1997 | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |If a published item has multiple titles | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Use the title on the primary title page |- *Main:* A Memorial and Biographical | |- Include other titles as added titles, if relevant (e.g.,| History of Navarro, Henderson, | | from the front cover, spine, secondary title page, or | Anderson, Limestone, Freestone and | | sub-section) | Leon Counties, Texas | | |- *Added:* The Lone Star State | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |If an item has multiple parts or sections | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Create an inclusive title that describes the entire item|- *Main:* [Maps of Canada] | |- Include piece titles as added titles |- *Added:* Quebec | | |- *Added:* Ontario | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |If the same item has been published under multiple titles | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Use the title on the item as the main title |- *Main:* Six suites for violincello | |- Add a generic uniform title that represents all versions| solo | |- Uniform titles generally come from catalog records |- *Uniform:* Suites, violoncello, BMV | | | 1007-1012 | | +---------------------------------------+ | |- *Main:* 1980 census of population | | | and housing. Census tracts. Abilene,| | | Tex., standard metropolitan | | | statistical area. | | |- *Uniform:* Census of population and | | | housing (1980). Census tracts. | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |If the item is a serial with a complex title pattern | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |- Use the main title and serial title according to serial |- *Main:* Texas Eleventh Court of | | guidelines | Appeals Annual Financial Report: | |- Add a generic uniform title that represents all versions| 2011 | |- Uniform titles generally come from catalog records |- *Uniform:* Financial report for ... | | | fiscal year | +-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ *Note:* In the Digital Collections, serial and series titles show up as a facet used for narrowing search results, so adding a series is one way to create a subset or grouping of items within an established collection. Also see :doc:`Serials and Series ` for more information. .. _title-examples: ************** Other Examples ************** Hand-carved cross *Main:* [Wooden Cross] US Geological Survey map *Main:* Map of the Woodbine Artesian Reservoirs of the Black and Grand Prairies of Texas including the Eastern and Western Cross Timbers Letter *Main:* [Letter from Jose Maria Viesca to Lorenzo de Zavala, April 14, 1828] Yearbook - *Main:* The Swarm, Yearbook of Howard Payne University, 2005 - *Serial:* The Swarm - *Added:* Building the Future, Howard Payne University 2005 Swarm, Volume 94, Brownwood, Texas Legislative Journal - *Main:* Journal of the House of Representatives of the Regular Session, Volume 2, and First Called Session of the Fifty-Ninth Legislature - *Serial:* Journal of the House of Representatives, Texas Legislature - *Uniform:* Journal of the House of Representatives of the...session of the...Legislature of Texas. - *Series:* 59th Legislature of Texas - *Sort:* Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Texas, Legislature 59, Regular Session, Volume 2 - *Added:* Journal of the House of Representatives of the Regular Session of the Fifty-Ninth Legislature of the State of Texas, Volume 2 - *Added:* Journal of the House of Representatives of the First Called Session of the Fifty-Ninth Legislature of the State of Texas Plat Map - *Main:* K. K. Legett's Subdivision of Lot Number 4 & a Part of Lot Number 5 of the Benjamin Austin Survey Number 92, Taylor County, Texas - *Alternate:* K. K. Legett's Subdivision of Lot No. 4 & a Part of Lot No. 5 of the Benj. Austin Sur. No. 92, Taylor Co., Texas Technical Report - *Main:* Fuel Cycle Program Progress Report: Eleventh Quarter, January-March 1963 - *Added:* Fuel Cycle Program. A Boiling Water Reactor Research and Development Program: Eleventh Quarterly Progress Report, January-March, 1963 - *Serial:* Fuel Cycle Program Progress Report - *Sort:* Fuel Cycle Program Progress Report, Quarter 11, 1963 - *Series:* AEC research and development report - *Series:* Atomic Energy Commission Reports - *Series:* General Electric Company Atomic Power Reports - *Added:* General Electric Atomic Power Equipment Department Report GEAP-4215 .. _title-comments: ******** Comments ******** **Glossary of Title Types:** +-----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | **Code** | **Examples** | **Definition** | +=======================+===========================+===============================================+ |officialtitle |Main Title |The most appropriate title to represent the | | | |individual item | +-----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ |alternatetitle |Alternate Title |Reflects alternate spellings, terms, or | | | |omissions (including abbreviations, acronyms, | | | |and enumerations) | +-----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ |paralleltitle |Parallel Title |Used for items written in non-English languages| | | |or translations from a second language | +-----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ |serialtitle |Serial Title |Representative of an entire serial publication | +-----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ |seriestitle |Series Title |Representative of an entire series of separate | | | |but related items | +-----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ |uniformtitle |Uniform Title |A generalized title when an item has been | | | |published under different titles | +-----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ |addedtitle |Added Title |Reflects additional titles or significant | | | |subsections | +-----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ .. _title-resources: ********* Resources ********* - UNT Title Qualifier `Controlled Vocabulary`_ - `OCLC Worldcat `_ - `Worldcat via FirstSearch `_ (UNT staff/students can get to OCLC records through electronic resources) More Guidelines: - :doc:`Quick-Start Metadata Guide ` - `Metadata Home `_