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CHEM 2380: Organic Chemistry II

I am here to help. Please contact me at randy.wallace@unt.edu with the subject line CHEM 2380 with questions. You can also contact the Discovery Park Library or the Eagle Commons Library for assistance.

The instructor for the course is Sushama Dandekar.

 

Step-growth polymers

• http://chemistry2.csudh.edu/rpendarvis/Polymer.html -- The information on this web page seems to be directly taken from a chemistry course. It begins with a basic introduction to polymers and the information builds on itself to explain step-growth polymers and chain-growth polymers.
• http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/synth.htm -- This web page explains how polymers are made and includes a few different kinds of polymer classification systems, including step-growth and chain-growth. Through helpful diagrams and a casual writing tone, the web page explains the difference between the two.
• http://www.steinwall.com/ART-step-growth-polymerization.html -- This technical article includes information on step-growth polymerization as well as several small diagrams explaining the process.
• http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ma061357b -- This article explains how to convert step-growth to chain-growth condensation polymerization. It is available full text HTML as well as PDF. The article contains multiple full color models and schemes that students may find useful.
• http://chemweb.calpoly.edu/djones/chem444/Polymers%20CD/Files/Polymerization/pmstep.htm# -- This website contains basic information concerning step-growth polymerization. It also includes two flash animation examples of step-growth polymerization.
• http://chemweb.calpoly.edu/djones/chem444/Polymers%20CD/Files/Polymerization/comparison.html -- A useful chart that lists the difference between step-growth and chain-growth polymers.

 

Chain growth polymers

• http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/polymers.htm --This web page provides a helpful starting place for students. It gives a brief introduction to polymers and then goes on to explain more difficult concepts. Included are diagrams and a helpful animated diagram of the radical chain-growth polymerization of vinyl chloride.
• http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ma061357b -- This article explains how to convert step-growth to chain-growth condensation polymerization. It is available full text HTML as well as PDF. The article contains multiple full color models and schemes that students may find useful.
• http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/synth.htm -- This web page explains how polymers are made and includes a few different kinds of polymer classification systems, including step-growth and chain-growth. Through helpful diagrams and a casual writing tone, the web page explains the difference between the two.
• http://chemistry2.csudh.edu/rpendarvis/Polymer.html -- The information on this web page seems to be directly taken from a chemistry course. It begins with a basic introduction to polymers and the information builds on itself to explain step-growth polymers and chain-growth polymers.
• http://chemweb.calpoly.edu/djones/chem444/Polymers%20CD/Files/Polymerization/comparison.html -- A useful chart that lists the difference between step-growth and chain-growth polymers.

 

Carbohydrates

• http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=61 -- This web page contains a good, basic overview of carbohydrates. It begins with an introduction and goes on to explain the function and composition of carbohydrates. It also includes several small diagrams with labeled parts. It also includes a short quiz.
• http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Carbohydrates.html -- Another good web page with a good introduction to the basics of carbohydrates.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQ80dncmon0 -- This is a video of a tutoring session that covers an introduction to carbohydrates.  The tutor includes the following caveat: “I am not an expert on the topics covered in these videos. The videos may contain errors; viewer beware.”  Many of the comments left in the videos, however, are positive.
• http://www.scientificpsychic.com/fitness/carbohydrates.html -- This page includes a basic introduction to carbohydrates and detailed explanations of the different carbohydrate structures. A labeled diagram is included in the explanation of each structure.
• http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/carbhyd.htm -- An excellent website that contains a general overview of carbohydrates and a detailed list of its reactions. Also included are diagrams and models.
• http://www2.ufp.pt/~pedros/bq/carb_en.htm -- This website contains models of different kinds of carbohydrates.

 

Paints and Dyes

• http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Di-Fa/Dyes.html -- A web page that contains a brief introduction to dyes.  It also contains a bibliography of additional resources.
• http://stainsfile.info/StainsFile/dyes/dyecolor.htm -- This web page includes brief definitions of colors and dyes. It also explains some of the effects and reactions of dyes. Several diagrams and models are included.
• http://www.diyadvice.com/diy/painting/paint/chemistry/ -- This web page sponsored by Better Homes and Gardens offers a basic overview of the chemistry of paint, pigments, binders, solvents, and additives.
• http://www.sanders-studios.com/instruction/tutorials/historyanddefinitions/pigmentchem.html -- This web page is from a website that covers the history, definitions, and techniques of oil painting. This particular page contains “a few notes on the chemical nature of pigments, their reactions, and compatibility.”

 

Pesticides and herbicides

• http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pi202 -- This web page contains a brief introduction and overview of the characteristics of pesticides.
• http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/pesticides/apropos_en.htm -- This web page contains a basic introduction to pesticides including simple grouping, types of formulation, chemical groups, etc. Some of the additional resources listed are in French.
• http://www.invasive.org/gist/products/handbook/08.HerbicideProperties.pdf -- This PDF contains a chapter from a Weed Control Handbook. It includes information on the general properties of herbicides.
• http://www.uri.edu/ce/factsheets/sheets/herbicides.html -- This is a fact sheet that lists different types of herbicides as well as herbicidal groups and their actions.
• http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.aspx?showID=7162 and http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.aspx?showID=7163 -- These two videos (Understanding Pesticides Part  1 & 2) are hosted by UCTV (University of California Television). The videos are in-depth presentations that cover the basics of pesticides—including home gardening—as well as different types of pesticides, formulations, and toxicity. Additional resources and quizzes for the videos can be found here: http://ucanr.org/sites/MGvideosupport/Patrick_OConnor-Marer_Pesticides/
  
• http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/ -- This website is the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names.  It includes an index of names, newer ISO accepted names, an index of molecular formulae, classification and other helpful information.
• http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template=TemplateC&navID=PesticideDataProgram&rightNav1=PesticideDataProgram&topNav=&leftNav=&page=PesticideDataProgram&resultType=&acct=pestcddataprg  -- This link is for the homepage of the Pesticide Data Program (PDP) hosted by the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. The PDP “manages the collection, analysis, data entry, and reporting of pesticide residues on agriculture commodities”.
• http://www.paraquat.com/knowledge-bank/crop-production-and-protection/mode-of-action-how-herbicides-work -- This website explains the mode of action of herbicides. Included in the explanation are diagrams and models that help the user to understand how herbicides work.

 

Terpenes and terpenoids

• http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemicalstructures/ig/Terpene-Chemical-Structures/ -- This website contains an image gallery of Terpene chemical structures.

• http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Te-Va/Terpenes.html --This website contains a brief definition and overview of terpenes.

• http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/lipids.htm#terpen -- This web page contains a definition of terpenes as well as an explanation of their chemical make-up.  This website also contains interactive 3D models and basic diagrams.

• http://swiftcraftymonkey.blogspot.com/2010/12/terpenes.html -- This is a post about terpenes from a blog about cosmetic chemistry.  The author of the blog defines terpenes, lists several different kinds and includes additional resources for the reader.

• http://www.enzyme-database.org/reaction/terp/terp.html -- A web page with a detailed model of  terpenoid biosynthesis. The model contains additional information through the use of mouse-rollovers.

• http://science.uvu.edu/ochem/index.php/alphabetical/s-t/terpenes/ -- This web page gives an explanation (including diagrams) of the difference between terpenes and terpenoids.

    

Steroids

• http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/lipids.htm#steroid -- This web page gives a concise definition of steroids and explains their structure with diagrams—both basic and 3D models.
• http://www.cyberlipid.org/simple/simple0008.htm -- This web page contains a brief definition and brief overview of steroids. It also includes an annotated list of different steroid molecules and the accompanying images for each different chemical structure.
• http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/pj07.sci.phys.matter.buildasteroid/ -- This interactive tutorial takes the user through an abbreviated process of building a steroid. It also includes a background essay on steroids and discussion questions.
• http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/pj07.sci.phys.matter.steroids/ -- This video portrays synthesizing a steroid. This page also includes a background essay and discussion questions.
• http://www.chem.ucla.edu/harding/IGOC/S/steroid.html -- This page is a basic, image-accompanied definition of a steroid and some examples of other steroids.
• http://www.cs.stedwards.edu/chem/Chemistry/CHEM43/CHEM43/Steroids/Steroids.HTML -- This page is a basic overview of steroid hormones. It contains a basic definition of steroid hormones, a description of their structure, their function, a list of the different types, and other helpful information. References and several diagrams are included.
• http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/adrenal/steroids.html -- This resource includes a brief definition of adrenal steroids and their function. It also includes a chart and some diagrams that students may find helpful. Additionally, a link to a more in-depth explanation of the pathways of steroidogenesis.

 

Fatty acids and triacyl glycerols

• http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/551fattyacids.html -- This web page includes a basic overview of fatty acids, their function, melting points, etc. It offers two tables that list the different kinds (both saturated and unsaturated) of fatty acids and an accompanying graphic.  In addition, the web page includes questions for students to figure out based on the material given.
• http://www.cyberlipid.org/fa/acid0001.htm -- This web page contains an in-depth review of fatty acids, their structure, classification, and other helpful information. It also includes several detailed lists of different kinds of fatty acids.
• http://lipidbank.jp/cgi-bin/main.cgi?id=DFA -- This web page allows users to actively search for different kinds of fatty acids. Once the search term has been entered, the database will retrieve a record that contains basic information of that particular acid (common name, symbol, formula, etc.), a diagram of the structure, physical properties, and any other available information.
• http://www.aocs.org/Membership/content.cfm?ItemNumber=1068 -- This helpful resource contains a list of common names for fatty acids. The list also includes the chemical structure and source of the listed acids.
• http://www.biocarta.com/pathfiles/betaoxidationPathway.asp -- This page contains a diagram and description of the beta-oxidation of fatty acids.  
• http://www.cyberlipid.org/acylglyt/acyl0006.htm -- This web page provides an in-depth and step-by-step tutorial on the analysis of triacylglycerols.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JamRqs8HaQ -- This video explains the structures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid. Although the person uploading the video does not provide credentials, his user name indicates a university affiliation and he has a number of other chemistry videos, (all with positive comments). 
  

 

Amino acids

• http://www.ausetute.com.au/aminoacid.html -- This web page contains the basic key-points of amino acids. It is an excellent place to start for any student needing a refresher.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybWD3bI5Ggg -- This video is an introduction to amino acids and their basic structures, properties, and functions.  The member who uploaded this video is a professor at Xavier University of Louisiana. He also has an additional video of amino acid titration.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hkLA0yeWtU -- This video/song is a fun mnemonic device to help students remember the names of the 20 amino acids as well as which are polar, non-polar, and electrically charged.
• http://wbiomed.curtin.edu.au/biochem/tutorials/AAs/AA.html -- This tutorial covers the basic chemical and physical properties of amino acids. Also included is the link to the interactive quiz over each of the 20 amino acids.
• http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/bio/amino-acids_en.html -- This web page contains a list of amino acids, their linear structure formula, and a diagram structure. Additionally, the name of each amino acid is a link to another page that lists more information about that amino acid (such as its molecular formula, weight, pH, etc.).
• http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/561aminostructure.html -- This web page contains a general introduction to amino acids as well a chart of different amino acids, their abbreviation, their chemical structure, and other available information. The information provided explains the differences in polarity of amino acids and includes questions for the student to answer based on the given material.
• http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/proteins.htm -- This web page contains information concerning peptides, proteins, and amino acids. It begins with a brief introduction to amino acids and then continues to an in-depth review of kinds of amino acids, their structures, synthesis, reactions, physical properties and other helpful information.
• http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~cmg/Demo/titr.html --This page is a link to an interactive website that allows students to plot, observe, analyze, compare and identify the titration behavior of amino acids.
• http://www.rpc.msoe.edu/cbm/jmol/amino.php -- This web page contains a list of amino acids and their abbreviations. When the abbreviation is selected, an interactive, three-dimensional model of the amino acid appears and each part (backbone, chain) is explained. This website may require a Jmol plugin. 
  

 

Proteins

• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/ -- This web resource, provided by the University of Utah Genetic Science Learning Center, provides a multitude of data and tutorials for those interested in learning about protein synthesis, DNA, transcription, translation, and other useful data. Tutorials are illustrated, interactive, clear and easy to follow. Users can even build their own molecule of DNA. This is an essential introductory resource.
• http://www.nature.com/scitable/content/translation-6656905 -- This video animation shows the process of translation, "wherein the information encoded by mRNA is turned into protein."
• http://www.nature.com/scitable/groups/proteins-structure-and-interaction-1846426 -- This is an interactive group that students can join to discuss, debate, share and "submit ideas related to proteins, their structure, protein-protein interactions, protein/peptide-lipid interactions, membrane proteins, and the related techniques including updates of each." The collaborative atmosphere is useful for those wanting clarification or more information about the topic.
  
• http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/tdc02_vid_proteinsynth/ -- “This narrated animation illustrates the process of protein synthesis, starting with chromosomal DNA inside the cell's nucleus.”
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEDQoQuIhkg -- Protein synthesis animation that includes narration. The video is very easy to follow and provides great introductory information for students.
  
• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120077/micro06.swf::Protein%20Synthesis -- This is another great animated video that illustrates protein synthesis. This video is published by McGraw-Hill, and it includes helpful captions and information about each step of the process.
  
• http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/bionet/biol115/t5_protein_synthesis/lesson1.htm -- This lesson from the University of Idaho provides information about the properties of DNA, transcription, translation and protein processing. It also includes an interactive cell feature, wherein users can get a detailed and up-close view of the different aspects of plant, animal and prokaryote cells.

 

Nucleic acids

• http://www.nature.com/scitable/topic/nucleic-acid-structure-and-function-9  -- This subject topic room, brought to you by Scitable, “describes the science surrounding the structure and function of DNA. Here, you will find information on the chemical structure of DNA; details about the organization of DNA into chromosomes, genes, and gene families; and data regarding important categories of sequences within DNA, such as introns, exons, promoters, telomeres, and centromeres.”
• http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/nucacids.htm -- This is an online lecture about Nucleic Acids that provides detailed information about the topic and several interesting diagrams and illustrations. It also provides supplemental information and additional topics relating to the root subject.
• http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=63 -- This online lesson, or Module is published by Vision Learning, an online, open-access resource dedicated to providing peer-reviewed, quality science materials for students. This lesson provides colorful illustrations and diagrams, and it contains internal links for more information about difficult terms or concepts.
  
• http://www.biology.arizona.edu/molecular_bio/problem_sets/nucleic_acids/nucleic_acids_1.html -- This resource includes a problem set to test your knowledge about nucleic acids and each correct answer are reinforced with an explanation. Incorrect answers direct users to a tutorial to help solve their problem. This resource would be a great way for a student to refresh their memory on material learned.
  
• http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu/ -- The goal of the “Nucleic Acid Database Project (NDB) is to assemble and distribute structural information about nucleic acids.” It includes an atlas of structures, standards,  tutorials and lessons, as well as many useful tools, such as the RNA Secondary Structure Viewer (http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu/services/rna_viewer/index.html).
• http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/1biochem/nucleic8.html -- This is a guide to nucleic acids generated by Purdue. It includes information about the basics of nucleic acids and nucleotides, the classes of nucleic acids and the role of these acids in living systems. It includes illustrations and diagrams.
• http://exploringorigins.org/nucleicacids.html -- This website includes information on the origin of nucleic acids, a full explanation of RNA and DNA, and it includes detailed video animations.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLyi2K-29xU -- This video is a detailed Biochemistry lecture on Nucleic Acids by Professor S. Dasgupta from the Department of Chemistry at IIT. A great introduction and clarification for those confused by or needing more information about the subject.
• http://www.genscript.com/conversion.html -- This website includes metric prefixes, DNA Molar conversions, formulas for conversion, length and molecular weight of nucleic acids and standards.
• http://faculty.otterbein.edu/djohnston/chem220/tutorial4/tutorial4.html -- This is an online step by step tutorial with illustrations and molecular structure diagrams.

 

Alkaloids

• http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofacti00sohn#page/n3/mode/2up -- This is the digitized version of the Dictionary of the active principles of plants : alkaloids, bitter principles, glucosides, their sources, nature, and chemical characteristics, with tabular summary, classification of reactions, and full botanical and general indexes (1894) by Charles E. Sohn. It is provided by Biodiversity Heritage Library, and it contains information about six hundred alkaloids, glucosides and bitter principles.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqdXzu-Gh3I -- This is an online video tutorial that outlines Alkaloids: what they are, what their function is, where they occur, how to detect them, and more.
• http://www.youtube.com/user/kvarsastry#p/u/8/qwUIzRnNag0 -- This is part one in a video series outlining the basics of Alkaloids.
• http://www.youtube.com/user/kvarsastry#p/u/7/8g28MhtacgM -- This is part two in the two part series outlining the basics of Alkaloids. It includes chemical structure diagrams with helpful annotations and explanations of each.
• http://academicearth.org/lectures/alkaloids-amino-acids-properties -- This is an academic lecture offered by UC Berkeley covering information about the properties of Amino Acids and Alkaloids.
• http://web1.uct.usm.maine.edu/~newton/Chy251_253/Lectures/AminesII/alkaloids.html -- This online lecture provided by the University of Southern Maine provides information about the derivation of Alkaloids from various Amino Acids, and the reactions of Alkaloids. It includes helpful diagrams and chemical structures, and it also provides exercises to test your knowledge on the subject.
• http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/72454/322%20PHG/lectures%20322.pdf  -- This PDF lecture contains great information about the classification, identity, nomenclature and extraction of Alkaloids.
  
• http://www.cosmolearning.com/video-lectures/lecture-16-amide-enolates-and-amidates-hofmann-rearrangement-alkanenitriles-alkaloids-nylon-10062/ -- This lecture, published by UC Berkeley, discusses "amide enolates and amidates, Reactions of Amides, Hofmann rearrangement, Alkanenitriles: RCN, Nitriles to Ketones, Amines and their Derivatives, Alkaloids, Nylon, Alkylamines, Chiral amines racemize, Basicity-Nucleophilicity.”
• http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-403-Chemistry.htm -- “This video lecture course by Peter Vollhardt (University of California), explores the synthesis and purification of organic compounds. Includes extensive treatment of Benzene and Aromaticity, Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution, Aldehydes and Ketones, Enols, Enolates, Enals, and Enones, Carboxylic Acids, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, Amines, Dicarbonyl Compounds, Carbohydrates, Sugars and Chemistry of Aldoses, Alkaloids, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins and selected special topics.”    

 

Additional Resources

The following links are to websites that offer free instructional videos pertaining to chemistry and a variety of other subjects:

• http://www.freelance-teacher.com/videos.htm

• http://www.khanacademy.org/#organic-chemistry 

 

I am your personal librarian

 

Please contact me if I can help further. Have a great semester!

Randy

randy.wallace@unt.edu

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