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Budgets
United States Federal Budget
Primary Sources
The most recent federal budget publications are on reserve at the Government Documents Service Desk. Budgets for previous years are also available in the Government Documents Department. Consult the library catalog or inquire at the Third Floor Information Desk.
Many budget-related publications can be found on the Internet at the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Web site and at the Government Printing Office (GPO) Web site.
- The Budget Documents (White House Office of Management and Budget)
- The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) assists the President in
overseeing the preparation of the federal budget and supervises its
administration in Executive Branch agencies. This Web page Includes all the
official budget documents, numerous supporting documents, and additional sources
of information such as downloadable spreadsheets and budgets for prior years.
- Budget of the United States Government: Main Page (Government Printing Office)
- The Government Printing Office provides the current and previous budgets, as
well as other related and supporting budget publications and spreadsheets, in a
searchable and browsable database.
- Description of Budget Documents (Government Printing Office)
- Explains what kind information is contained in the Budget of the
United States Government, Analytical Perspectives,
Historical Tables, and Appendix.
- Economic Report of the President (Government Printing Office)
- Within ten days after the President submits the budget to Congress, the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors submits this overview of the nation’s economic progress using text and extensive data appendices. Supplementary reports can be issued to Congress later, containing additional and/or revised recommendations.
Glossaries
These glossaries defind economic and budgetary terms as they apply to the federal budget.
Glossary (Congressional Budget Office)
Federal Budget Glossary (National Priorities Project)
Glossary of Budget Terms (Independent Sector)
Related Internet Resources
- Appropriations and Budget Process (Senate Budget Committee)
- This printable flowchart provides an overview of the appropriations and
budget process. [PDF file requires Adobe
Reader]
- A Blueprint for New Beginnings—A Responsible Budget for America’s Priorities (U.S. Government Printing Office)
- Summary of the President's budget plan.
- The Budget Reconciliation Process: House and Senate Procedures (Independent Sector)
- The budget reconciliation process is an optional procedure designed to
enhance Congress’s ability to change current law in order to bring revenue,
spending, and debt-limit levels into conformity with the policies of the annual
budget resolution. This Congressional Research Report provides an overview of
the reconciliation process and discusses its historical development, then
explains the process in sections dealing with the underlying authorities,
reconciliation directives in budget resolutions, initial consideration of
reconciliation measures in the House and Senate, resolving House-Senate
differences on reconciliation measures, and presidential approval or disapproval
of such measures. [PDF format requires Adobe
Reader.]
- A Citizen’s Guide to the Federal Budget (GPO Access)
- An explanation of the U.S. budget and the budget process in plain English.
- The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction (Open CRS.com)
- Congress annually considers 13 or more appropriations measures, which
provide funding for numerous activities such as national defense, education,
homeland security, and crime. These measures also fund general government
operations such as the administration of federal agencies. Congress has
developed certain rules and practices for the consideration of appropriations
measures, referred to as the congressional appropriations process. This
Congressional Research Service Report provides a detailed explanation of the
appropriations cycle and the types of appropriations measures.
- The Congressional Budget Process—A Brief Overview (U.S. Department of State)
- The term “budget process,” when applied to the federal government, actually
refers to a number of processes that have evolved separately and that occur with
varying degrees of coordination. This Congressional Research Service report
describes each of the parts of the budget process that involve Congress,
clarifies the role played by each, and explains how they operate together. These
parts include the President’s budget submission, the budget resolution,
reconciliation, sequestration, authorizations, and appropriations. This report
will be updated to reflect any changes in the budget process. [PDF file requires Adobe
Reader]
- The Congressional Budget Process—An Explanation (U.S. Senate Committee on the Budget)
- A practical explanation for senators of how the U.S. budget process works.
Includes a history of budget law.
- The Congressional Budget Process Timetable (U.S. Senate)
- The Congressional Budget Act (CBA) of 1974 (Titles I-IX of P.L. 93-344, 88
Stat. 297-332) established the congressional budget process, which coordinates
the legislative activities on the budget resolution, appropriations bills,
reconciliation legislation, revenue measures, and other budgetary legislation.
Section 300 of this act provides a timetable so that Congress can complete its
work on the budget by the start of the fiscal year on October 1. [PDF file requires Adobe
Reader]
- Federal Budget (Concord Coalition)
- The Concord Coalition is a
nonpartisan grassroots movement advocating fiscal responsibility while ensuring
that Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid are secure for all generations. The
federal budget information page includes information, analysis, charts, and
graphs about the federal budget.
- Federal Budget Allocation Activity (Indiana University—Center on Congress)
- This simulation game allows you to try your hand at allocating the federal
budget.
- Introduction to the Federal Budget Process (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities)
- A brief overview of the federal budget process, including the President’s
budget request, which kicks off the budget process each year; the congressional
budget resolution—how it is developed and what it contains; how the terms of the
budget resolution are enforced by the House and Senate; and budget
“reconciliation,” a special procedure used in some years to facilitate the
passage of spending and tax legislation.
- Overview of the Executive Budget Process (U.S. Senate)
- The executive budget process consists of three main phases: development of
the President’s budget; interaction with Congress; and execution of the budget.
This Congressional Research Service fact sheet provides a brief overview of each
of these phases. [PDF file requires Adobe
Reader]
- The Public Debt Online (Bureau of the Public Debt)
- Current and historical data and answers to frequently asked questions
regarding the national debt.
- The U.S. National Debt Clock (Ed Hall)
- A running account of the exact value of the national debt.
State of Texas Budget
Primary Sources
- Annual Cash Report (Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts)
- Detailed summary of state revenues for the fiscal year. Volume I is a
general financial information summary. Volume II is a detailed statistical
compendium of state revenues and expenditures. Statistics are itemized by agency
of origin and cover topics such as tax collection, federal funding, local
government funding, investment accounts, bond indebtedness, and revenue bonds.
- General Appropriations Act (Legislative Budget Board)
- The Act of the Texas Legislature that authorizes the distribution of funds
to Texas government agencies.
- Biennial Revenue Estimate (Comptroller of Public Accounts)
- Summary of anticipated state revenues for the biennium. Describes state
revenue sources and distribution, Texas' economy in the context of the United
States economy, state revenue allocations, oil and gas prices and production,
and financing of selected governmental projects. Supplemented by itemized
estimates of income for state funds.
- Legislative Budget Estimates (Legislative Budget Board)
- Summary of biennial budget estimates for state government agencies. Lists
requests by governmental branch and by agency. Also provides data for individual
departments within each agency. Expenditures for the last two years are appended
to each budgetary request.
- Governor's Proposed State Budget (Office of the Governor)
- Full text of the Governor’s proposed budget and letter to the Legislature.
Related Internet Resources
- Writing the State Budget: 78th Legislature (House Research Organization - Texas House of Representatives) [PDF format requires the Adobe Acrobat Reader.]
- Summarizes the steps in the state budget process and the constitutional,
statutory, and procedural requirements guiding the Legislature as it considers
state spending needs.
- Budget 101: A Guide to the Budget Process in Texas (Senate Research Center) [PDF format requires the Adobe Acrobat Reader.]
- This step-by-step explanation of the budget process in Texas is designed to be a budget primer for new legislative staff or for citizens unfamiliar with the budget process.
UNT Budget
UNT faculty and administrative salaries, as well as departmental budget information, can be found in the Budget issued annually by UNT.
The UNT Electronic Reports page provides online versions of the UNT budget and budget summaries, legislative appropriations requests, and other financial and investment reports.
Paper versions of the current and previous issues of the UNT Budget are available in the Reserves/Current Periodicals Reading Room on the 1st Floor of Willis Library, and in the UNT Archives on the 4th Floor of Willis Library.